Restoration of Degraded Tropical Peatland in Indonesia: A Review

Purwanto Budi Santosa,Wawan Halwany,Daniel Mendham,️ Pratiwi ,Bastoni Bastoni,Reni Setyo Wahyuningtyas,Budi Hadi Narendra,Yonky Indrajaya,Muhammad Abdul Qirom,Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho,Retno Prayudyaningsih,Sri Lestari,Tri Wira Yuwati,Endang Savitri,Maman Turjaman,Pamungkas Buana Putra,Dony Rachmanadi,Rahardyan Nugroho Adi,Bondan Winarno,Besri Nasrul

doi:10.3390/land10111170

Purwanto Budi Santosa, Wawan Halwany + Show 18 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/land10111170

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Abstract

Tropical peatlands are fragile ecosystems with an important role in conserving biodiversity, water quality and availability, preventing floods, soil intrusion, erosion and sedimentation, and providing a livelihood for people. However, due to illegal logging, fire and conversion into other land use, the peatlands in Indonesia are under serious threat. Efforts to restore Indonesia’s tropical peatlands have been accelerated by the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency in early 2016. The restoration action policy includes the rewetting, revegetation and revitalisation of local livelihood (known as the 3Rs). This paper summarises the regulatory, institutional and planning aspects of peatland restoration, in addition to the implementation of the 3Rs in Indonesia, including failures, success stories, and the criteria and indicators for the success of peatland restoration.

Highlights

The world’s peatland ecosystem covers an area of 398 Mha, about 34–45 Mha of which is in tropical climates, with about 56.6% (25 Mha) in South East Asia [1,2,3]
Formal peat management in Indonesia started in the 1960s, it was inappropriate peat management, leading to degradation, which prompted the government to issue various regulations for fundamental improvements in peat governance
Peat governance has been improved in Indonesia through various regulatory instruments, including by following the 3Rs approach, and institutional aspects of peat management, which are more oriented towards sustainability than just focusing on economic considerations

Summary

A Review

Tri Wira Yuwati 1, * , Dony Rachmanadi 1 , Pratiwi 2 , Maman Turjaman 2 , Yonky Indrajaya 3 , Hunggul Yudono Setio Hadi Nugroho 3 , Muhammad Abdul Qirom 1 , Budi Hadi Narendra 2 , Bondan Winarno 2 , Sri Lestari 2 , Purwanto Budi Santosa 1 , Rahardyan Nugroho Adi 3 , Endang Savitri 3 , Pamungkas Buana Putra 3 , Reni Setyo Wahyuningtyas 1 , Retno Prayudyaningsih 4 , Wawan Halwany 1 , Besri Nasrul 5 , Bastoni 6 and Daniel Mendham 7. Y.; Nugroho, H.Y.S.H.; Qirom, M.A.; Narendra, B.H.; Winarno, B.; Lestari, S.; et al Restoration of Degraded

Introduction

Regulations of Peatland Restoration

Institutions

Peatland Ecosystem Protection and Management Plans

Criteria and Indicators for Peatland Restoration

Rewetting

The Types of Peatland Degradation Sites

Revegetation with Natural Regeneration

Recent Livelihoods and an Overview of the Revitalisation Programme

Findings

Conclusions