Restoration of degraded mountain pastures of the Сentral Сaucasus by targeted sowing of seeds of perennial grasses

D Rudoy,S Ignateva,Eduard Soldatov,Irina Soldatova,Lyudmila Guluyeva,Sergey Dzhibilov

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202017509013

Abstract

The unsystematic use of mountain pastures with overgrazing of grasses has led to a change in the ecological balance of agrolandscapes, in which 80-85% of the Central Caucasus lands have turned into a state of varying degrees of degradation. In these cases, an important measure in the restoration of degraded mountain forage lands is the sowing of perennial grasses into sparse grass and on bare soil, which increases stiffness. Therefore, the development and creation of a seeder for targeted seeding of grass mixtures in solving the problem is relevant. The authors of the article have developed a new resource-saving way to improve mountain forage lands using a modernized seeder. Tests and studies were carried out at a mountain hospital, located on the southeastern exposition of the Dargavs depression of the North Ossetia-Alania, at an altitude of 1650 m above sea level. It was found that at a concentration of 17.2 MJ of energy in 1 kg of dry matter of feed, the total collection in the control plot was 29.7 GJ, and in the seeded experimental field 85.3 GJ. At the same time, the formation of a dense sod with the accumulation of 104.2 c / ha of root mass is the main factor in the environmental sustainability of mountain agrolandscapes, ensuring environmental safety

Highlights

The management of meadow pasture potential of mountain forage land is not fully utilized
Valuable, highly nutritious, well-eaten plants are inhibited, which leads to the loss of loose shrubs and legumes from the grass stand, which are replaced by dense shrubs and rhizomes, they are replaced by weeds and poisonous ones, bare sections of the soil surface are formed, provoking the development of erosion processes [2 ]
In areas with sparse grass stand, soil erosion reaches 500–900 m3 / ha, whereas under normal erosion, the erosion does not exceed the rate of soil formation, amounting to 2-3 m3 / ha

Summary

The relevance of the topic

The management of meadow pasture potential of mountain forage land is not fully utilized. The scientific novelty of the research is that for the first time the chisel cultivator is equipped with removable working bodies for automatic, targeted sowing of seeds of perennial grasses on mountain forage lands, ensuring the formation of the structure of economic and botanical groups of phytocenosis, increasing productivity and environmentforming role, reducing erosion processes [9]. The research objectives included: - to characterize the economic and botanical groups, the density and accumulation of biomass grass stand degraded mountain pasture; - carry out restoration of grass stand by methods of: natural self-seeding (providing rest) and using a prototype of a modular unit for automatic targeted sowing of seeds of perennial grasses; - establish agro-energy and environmental efficiency of the recovery process.

Technical and operational features of the address subseeding unit

Research Results

Conclusions