Restoration and use of fallow lands disposed of from agricultural use

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the development of fallow lands in the dry steppe zone of the West Kazakhstan region. The main goal of the work is to develop methods for the effective use of waste land and the flow of organic matter into the soil. The issues of the development of an optimal mechanism for the restoration of abandoned lands and the creation of a forage base for animal husbandry are considered. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the agrophysical and agrochemical parameters of soils in the initial state and annually, at the end of the growing season. The data on the yield of perennial forage grasses and their two- and three-component mixtures are presented. As a result of the research, the main parameters of the fertility of dark chestnut soils in the dry steppe zone of the Urals were determined, the agrophysical state of the soils was assessed, data on changes in the aggregate composition and the accumulation of root mass under various grasses and their mixtures were obtained. Analysis of the data obtained from three-year studies showed that in rainfed conditions of the region, it is possible to get good shoots of leguminous and cereal grasses. Starting from the second year of the life of the grasses, it was possible to carry out two cuttings, and a significant increase in yield can be noted for all variants of the experiment. Sowing of perennial grasses, especially of their mixtures, improves the aggregation of the soil, which is also especially noticeable in the 2nd and 3rd years. The total number of agronomically valuable aggregates 1-3 mm in size in the 0-40 cm layer increased by an average of 52%, and water-resistant aggregates - by 17% compared to the control option. Perennial grasses and their mixtures leave behind a significant amount of root mass. The humus content for three years of cultivation of leguminous-cereal perennial grasses increases from 0.08 in the grasses to 0.21% in alfalfa.