Restless legs syndrome, leg motor restlessness and their variants in patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of restless leg syndrome (RLS), leg motor restlessness (LMR) and RLS/LMR variants and their relationship with clinical factors in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders. MethodsSixty-three PD patients, 17 multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients and 11 progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients were included in this study. Through face-to-face interviews, the patients were diagnosed with RLS/LMR, or with RLS/LMR variants in which the symptoms occur predominantly in body parts other than the legs. ResultsThe frequency of RLS, LMR, RLS variants and LMR variants was as follows: PD (12.7%, 11.1%, 0% and 1.6%); MSA (5.9%, 11.8%, 0% and 0%); and PSP (0%, 9.1%, 0% and 0%). Restlessness without the urge to move was observed in 25.4% of the PD patients, 11.8% of the MSA patients and 0% of the PSP patients. The PD patients with restlessness exhibited higher Hoehn and Yahr stages and higher scores on the Scales for Outcomes in PD-Autonomic, PD sleep scale-2 and Beck Depression Inventory-II. The olfactory functioning, 123I-MIBG myocardial scintigraphy uptake and dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography findings did not differ between the PD patients with restlessness and those without. The severity of RLS was correlated with the autonomic symptoms among the PD patients with restlessness. ConclusionPD with restlessness was characterized by increased autonomic, sleep and depressive symptoms. Further studies including a large sample are warranted to characterize restlessness in PD and related disorders.