Resting-state hyperconnectivity within the default mode network impedes the ability to initiate cognitive performance in first-episode schizophrenia patients

Abstract

Among multiple cognitive impairments present in schizophrenia, a decline in fast information processing is one of the most severe neuropsychological deficit. Reduced ability to efficiently launch a coherent cognitive activity might be a significant factor contributing to poor results in time-limited tasks obtained by schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to identify neurophysiological predictors of expected cognitive initiation failures in a group of first-episode schizophrenia individuals (SZ).To evaluate the effectiveness of initiation, a dynamic analysis of design fluency test was applied, assessing to what extent the productivity was focused within the first interval of the performance, what is a typical way healthy subjects execute this task. Resting-state EEG recordings were obtained from SZ patients (n = 34) and controls (n = 30) to examine functional connectivity between 84 intra-cortical current sources determined by eLORETA (exact low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) for six conventionally analyzed frequencies. The nonparametric randomization approach was used to identify hypo- and hyper-connections, i.e. synchronizations significantly differentiating the studied samples in terms of connectivity strength.Generally, SZ patients obtained poor outcomes in fluency test and dynamic analysis of performance confirmed the presence of initiation deficit in clinical sample, which was a single factor explaining the intergroup difference regarding the entire task. In the majority of frequencies, the arrangement of synchronizations in SZ group was dominated by hypo-connections, except for the theta band, in which the strength of synchronizations between posterior cingulate cortex, cuneus and precuneus was significantly higher for SZ group. These theta-band hyper-connections turned out to be significant predictors of cognitive initiation failure in the clinical sample. Additionally, theta hyper-connections correlated negatively with the total number of unique designs generated by patients, however, the strength of this correlation was weaker than regarding initiation index.The results of this study suggest that baseline hyperconnectivity within the posterior hub of the Default Mode Network, containing posterior cingulate gyrus and precuneus, might disturb effective cognitive outcome, not only by interfering with task-positive functional networks but also by delaying the starting phase of performance, which might be specifically deleterious for the execution of time-limited tests.