Responsiveness of the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke

Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to estimate the internal and external responsiveness of the Reaching Performance Scale for Stroke (RPSS) in individuals with stroke. DesignRetrospective analysis of data from 4 randomized controlled trials. SettingRecruitment locations spanning rehabilitation centers and hospitals in Canada, Italy, Argentina, Peru, and Thailand. ParticipantsData from 567 participants (acute to chronic stroke; N=567) were available. InterventionsAll 4 studies involved training using virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation. Main Outcome MeasuresRPSS and upper extremity Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA-UE) scores. Responsiveness was quantified for all data and across different stages of stroke. Internal responsiveness of the RPSS was quantified as effect-sizes calculated using post and preintervention change data. External responsiveness was quantified using orthogonal regressions between FMA-UE and RPSS scores. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (AUC) was quantified based on the ability of RPSS scores to detect change above FMA-UE minimal clinically important different values across different stages of stroke. ResultsThe RPSS had high internal responsiveness overall and across the acute or subacute and chronic stages of stroke. For external responsiveness, orthogonal regression analyses indicated that change in FMA-UE scores had positive moderate correlations with both RPSS Close and Far Target scores for all data and across the acute or subacute and chronic stages of stroke (0.6<r<0.7). The AUC was acceptable for both targets (0.65<AUC values<0.8) across the acute or subacute and chronic stages. ConclusionsIn addition to being reliable and valid, the RPSS is also responsive. Along with the FMA-UE, using RPSS scores can help present a more comprehensive picture of motor compensations to characterize poststroke upper limb motor improvement.