Responsive Smart Materials from Energy Transition of Biomolecular Structural Changes

Abstract

Herein, the use of biomolecules is reviewed as raw materials for creating functional responsive materials with a variety of tunable properties, including physicochemical and mechanical properties. Through self‐assembly/coassembly, self‐powered smart devices can be designed, which aim to create efficient and stable transformation systems within existing energy relations. These systems can respond to various chemical or physical stimuli, triggering reassembly and completing potential energy conversion through conformational changes at the molecular and mesoscopic scales. This energy conversion provides the necessary energy for macroscopic feedback behavior. Herein, bionic devices are presented that can perform energy conversion completely and autonomously and discuss the mechanism of energy conversion between different chemical potentials, kinetic, or thermal energies.