Responsive, di-metallic lanthanide complexes of a piperazine-bridged bis-macrocyclic ligand: modulation of visible luminescence and proton relaxivity

Abstract

The synthesis of a new functionalised bis-macrocyclic ligand (L1) is described together with the corresponding Ln(III) complexes, Ln(2)- (Ln = Gd(III), Eu(III)). Phosphorescence measurements on Gd(2)- at 77 K allowed the ligand-centred triplet state ((3)pi-pi*) to be estimated at ca. 28500 cm(-1). Steady state and time-resolved measurements confirmed emission from the f-centred excited state ((5)D(0)) for Eu(2)-. (1)H NMRD profiles revealed the longitudinal proton relaxivity (r(1)) of Gd(2)- to be 8.3 mM(-1)s(-1)(30 MHz, 25 degrees C). The interaction of Cu(II) and Hg(II) with the lanthanide complexes was probed using luminescence and relaxivity measurements. Addition of Cu(II) (10 eq.) resulted in quenching of the Eu(III) emission, but no increase in r(1) of the Gd(III) dimer. Addition of Hg(II) (10 eq.) caused changes to the hypersensitive emission bands of Eu(III) together with an increase in r(1) of Gd(2)- to be 10.3 mM(-1)s(-1)(30 MHz, 25 degrees C) suggesting a net increase in hydration at the Gd(III) centres.