Abstract
Male and female domestic chicks were housed in same-sex pairs until they were tested at 11 days of age. One chick was then removed from each established pair and the behavioral and adrenocortical responses of their remaining companions were measured. Social separation induced an overall increase in circulating corticosterone concentrations, thus illustrating its stressful properties. The isolation procedure appeared to have been equally distressing for males and females because no sex differences were found in plasma corticosterone levels either before or after separation. Female chicks vocalized sooner and ambulated more than males upon isolation but there were no detectable sex differences in ambulation latencies, peeping rates or jumping. The results are discussed in terms of social motivation, predator evasion, fear and attentional processes.
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