Responses of myokines concentrations from exercise stimulus: a systematic review

Abstract

The skeletal muscle is the largest endocrine organ of human body and have this role through peptides and proteins known as myokines. The myokines are cytokines that are produced and secreted by the skeletal muscle in response to the stimulus of contraction, acting locally and/or be released in the circulation and influence other distant tissues. Physical exercise is a potent stimulus for molecular adaptations in the organism, and when practiced with regularity, promotes structural and functional adaptations in skeletal muscle. Therefore, physical exercise has a direct action on the concentrations of myokines. Based on this, this research investigated, through a systematic literature review, the responses of myokines concentrations from the stimulus of physical exercise. Searches were carried out by two researchers independently, in the Scielo, Pubmed and Virtual Healthy Library databases, analyzing articles published between 2009 and 2020, after a careful selection process in four stages, the works that reached the third stage were read in full and submitted to quality analysis using a critical review form. At the end of the process, 12 articles were selected to compose the discussion. The analyzed articles show that physical performance, both acute and chronic, is capable of significantly modulating the concentration of several myokines, promoting an increase in many such as IL-6, IL-15, BDNF and apelin, in addition to a significant decrease in muscle myostatin.Keywords: exercise, skeletal muscle fibers, cytokines.