Responses of IsaBrown laying hens to a pre-layer diet containing additional calcium and to dietary protein and lysine concentrations during lay

Abstract

IsaBrown pullets were obtained from a commercial breeder at 15 (Expt 1) and 16 (Expt 2) weeks of age and housed in either single-bird or multiple 5-bird cages in a high rise, windowless layer house in which temperatures were maintained below 30˚C by computerised control of fans and evaporative cooling pads. In Expt 1, they were fed either a grower diet or a pre-layer diet consisting of the grower diet containing additional calcium to 18 weeks of age and then maintained during lay to 56 weeks of age on diets containing either 160 or 180 g crude protein (CP)/kg. In Expt 2, they were fed the grower diet to 19 weeks of age and then 1 of 5 diets similar in all ingredients except that the lysine concentration varied between 7.35 and 8.95 g/kg in increments of 0.4 g/kg. The L-lysine HCl supplements were added in lieu of solka floc, an inert cellulose supplement. In Expt 1, mortality was low (2.25%), peak egg production was high (95–98%), and the mean rate of lay at 56 weeks of age was above 88%. The diet fed prior to lay had no significant effect on production during lay. Feed intake and egg production were similar for hens fed both dietary protein levels during lay, and egg weight and egg mass output were greater for hens fed the diet containing 180 g CP/kg. Hens in multiple-bird cages ate significantlyless feed for a significantly smaller daily egg mass output. In Expt 2, increasing the dietary lysine concentration significantly reduced feed intake and significantly increased lysine intake, egg shell breaking strength, and albumen height. Multiple-caged hens had a significantly lower hen-housed egg production as a result of a 7-fold increase in mortality compared with hens in single cages, due mainly to cannibalism. The daily lysine requirement formaximum egg production approximated 940 mg for hens in single cages and 975 mg for hens in multiple-bird cages.