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Abstract
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease diffuse worldwide. The implementation of mumps vaccination reduced largely the spread of infection. On 11,327 Medical School students the prevalence of mumps positive antibodies was evaluated according to dose/doses of vaccine, year of birth and sex. Compliance to mumps vaccine was low in students born before 1990 but increased consistently after this year, above all compliance to two doses, due to the implementation of the vaccine offer. Positivity of mumps antibodies is significantly (p < 0.0001) lower in students vaccinated once (71.2%) compared to those vaccinated twice (85.4%). In addition, students born after 1995, largely vaccinated twice, showed a seropositivity near to 90%. Further, females had a significantly (p < 0.0001) higher proportion of positive antibodies after vaccination than males, both one (74.6% vs. 64.7%) and two doses (86.8% vs. 82.9%). Finally, seropositivity after two vaccine doses remains high (86.1%) even 15 years after the second dose. In conclusion, the research highlighted that vaccination against mumps reaches a good level of coverage only after two doses of vaccine persisting at high levels over 15 years and induces a more significant response in females.
Highlights
Mumps is a prevalently benign infectious disease, but several complications can occur [1,2], especially if contracted during adulthood
The research highlighted that vaccination against mumps reaches a good level of coverage only after two doses of vaccine persisting at high levels over 15 years and induces a more significant response in females
Since June 2017, mumps and rubella (MMR) has been mandatory in Italy for infants and children 0–16 years of age [13], and is strongly recommended to health care workers (HCWs) by the National Vaccination Prevention Plan 2017–2019 [14] and by the so-called “Pisa Card or Paper” that was drawn up during the work of the National Conference “Medice cura te ipsum” held in Pisa on 27 and 28 March 2017 to promote vaccination practice among health professionals to achieve control of diseases preventable with vaccination [15]
Summary
Mumps is a prevalently benign infectious disease, but several complications can occur [1,2], especially if contracted during adulthood. The basic reproductive rate (R0) was calculated to be 10–12, lower than measles, pertussis and varicella in order of infectivity [3]. A vaccine against mumps has been available since 1967. In Italy, the vaccination against mumps virus was recommended for all males susceptible to mumps since 1982. Mass vaccination was launched to prevent measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) in 1999 [4]. This allowed a drastic decrease in reported mumps cases from 24,743 in 2000 (43.5 cases/100.000) to 777 in 2018 (1.3 cases/100.000) [5]
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