Response to clamping of the inferior vena cava as a factor for predicting postreperfusion syndrome during liver transplantation.

Abstract

Postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) is an important cause of hemodynamic deterioration during orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). We retrospectively studied 94 patients who had undergone OLT in an effort to establish whether the hemodynamic response to clamping of the inferior vena cava (IVC) could be used to predict hemodynamic behavior on reperfusion of the grafted liver. PRS was defined as a decrease in the mean arterial pressure of more than 30% below the baseline value for more than 1 min during the first 5 min after reperfusion of the graft. The patients were divided into two groups: those who developed PRS (PRS group) and those who did not (non-PRS group). We analyzed hemodynamic response before (dissection stage) and after (anhepatic stage) clamping of the IVC. Based on multivariate analysis methods (logistic regression), the percentage of change in the vascular resistance index from before clamping to after clamping of the IVC was an indicator of the risk of developing PRS, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.04 for each unit of change (ENTER method, P = 0.01). In the non-PRS group, clamping of the IVC was followed by a 47.1% decrease in the cardiac index, compared with a 27.9% decrease in the PRS group (P < 0.05). The systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) increased by 49% in the PRS group, as opposed to 85.7% in the non-PRS group (P < 0.05). PRS occurred in only 17.5% of patients in whom the SVRI increased by more than 50%. We conclude that the integrity of the vasoconstrictive response (increase in the peripheral vascular resistance greater than 50%) as measured immediately after clamping of the IVC correlates with occurrence of PRS.