Response to chemotherapy as justification for modification of the therapeutic strategy for pharyngolaryngeal carcinomas

Abstract

From September 1983 to September 1987, 238 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract were given 3 cycles of chemotherapy [cisplatinum (cis-DDP), 100 mg/m2 on day 1; 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), 1,000 mg/m2 on days 2-6] before any local treatment. Eighty-one of these patients had pharyngolaryngeal cancer. Of the 45 of 50 laryngeal cancers and 26 of 31 hypopharyngeal cancers suitable for evaluation, complete responses (CR) were obtained in 51.1% and 53.8%, respectively. These response rates led to changes in the postchemotherapy protocols. For CRs, multilating surgical protocols were replaced by definitive radiotherapy: one local recurrence has been observed among the 9 laryngeal cancers, and 3 of 10 hypopharyngeal cancer patients, who had an initial indication of total laryngectomy or total pharyngolaryngectomy replaced by radiotherapy. In the group of CR, survival rates at 2 years were 93% and 69%, respectively, for the larynx and hypopharynx vs 65.6% and 40% for non-CR patients. The possibility of conservative treatment sparing vocal function with a high degree of reliability would in itself appear to be justification for induction chemotherapy in pharyngolaryngeal cancers, even though its long-term effects remain controversial.