Abstract
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lupini, is a major limiting factor for lupin production. Tarwi or Andean Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) is generally regarded as susceptible to anthracnose, but the high protein and oil content of its seeds raise interest in promoting its cultivation in Europe. In this study we evaluated the response to anthracnose of 10 tarwi accessions contrasting in anthocyanin pigmentation, by comparison to white lupin (Lupinus albus), using a contemporary Portuguese fungal isolate. A severity rating scale was optimized, including weighted parameters considering the type of symptoms and organs affected. All tarwi accessions were classified as susceptible, exhibiting sporulating necroses on the main stem from seven days after inoculation. Anthracnose severity was lower on anthocyanin-rich tarwi plants, with accession LM34 standing out as the less susceptible. Accession I82 better combines anthracnose response and yield. In global terms, disease severity was lower on white lupin than on tarwi. Although based on a limited collection, the results of the study show the existence of genetic variability among L. mutabilis towards anthracnose response relatable with anthocyanin pigmentation, providing insights for more detailed and thorough characterization of tarwi resistance to anthracnose.
Highlights
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lupini (Bondar) Damm, P.F
MN783013) reveals 100% similarity between them. This indicates that the Portuguese isolate does not differ from the isolates currently occurring in the rest of the world, as isolate RB221 has been treated as representative of the contemporary lupin anthracnose outbreak
The present study suggests that the anthocyanins present in the stems of some Lupinus mutabilis accessions may play a role in containing the advance of Colletotrichum lupini
Summary
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lupini (Bondar) Damm, P.F. Cannon & Crous, represents the most important disease in Lupinus and is known since the first half of the 20th century. Cannon & Crous, represents the most important disease in Lupinus and is known since the first half of the 20th century It causes significant yield losses and is a major limiting factor for lupin cultivation, namely of lupin crops for seed production. Most Colletotrichum pathogens are polyphagous, with the same genetic entity found on multiple hosts. Frequently the same host is affected by multiple Colletotrichum spp., with no clear differences on the symptoms caused. The lupin anthracnose pathosystem seems to be an exception to this common trend, as lupin anthracnose is caused solely by C. lupini and C. lupini seems to prefer Lupinus spp. Very little genetic diversity is recognized among C. lupini populations, with only two groups reported: one corresponds to the North American outbreak in the first half of the 20th century, and currently not occurring in nature; the other corresponds to the contemporary outbreak, that began in the 1980s in Europe and is found across the world [1]
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