Abstract
BackgroundAvian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. Routine vaccination of poultry against avian influenza is not recommended in Europe, however it has been ordered in some other countries, and more countries are considering use of the avian influenza vaccine as a component of their control strategy. Although a variety of such vaccines have been tested, most research has concentrated on specific antibodies and challenge experiments.MethodsWe monitored the transcriptomic response to a DNA vaccine encoding hemagglutinin from the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus in the spleens of broiler and layer chickens. Moreover, in layer chickens the response to one and two doses of the vaccine was compared.ResultsAll groups of birds immunized with two doses of the vaccine responded at the humoral level by producing specific anti-hemagglutinin antibodies. A response to the vaccine was also detected in the spleen transcriptomes. Differential expression of many genes encoding noncoding RNA and proteins functionally connected to the neuroendocrine-immune system was observed in different immunized groups.ConclusionBroiler chickens showed a higher number and wider range of fold-changes in the transcriptional response than laying hens.
Highlights
Avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak
Among the many advantages of this technique, it is worth highlighting that DNA vaccines are fast to produce and modify; foreign antigenic protein produced within the host cells can induce humoral and cellular immune responses and DNA vaccination leads to immunization with an antigen
All groups of boosted chickens (Ross [2x], White Leghorn (WL) [2x] and Rosa [2x]) had significantly higher levels of anti-H5 HA antibodies in their sera than birds from the Rosa [1x] group, which were given only one dose of the vaccine (p < 0.0001 for all groups), differences in Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results between the groups of boosted chicken were not significant
Summary
Avian influenza virus infections cause significant economic losses on poultry farms and pose the threat of a possible pandemic outbreak. Kalenik et al Virology Journal (2020) 17:66 likely to be folded in its native conformation, correctly glycosylated and having normal post-translational modifications [9, 10]. This last feature is important, because the glycosylation of HA modulates among other host immune response [11]. They are safe due to the absence of infective agents and the possibility of using a single selected antigen, which allows for the differentiation of infection in vaccinated animals [10, 12]
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