Abstract
Response surface methodology was used to determine the effects of solvent flow rate (2, 3 and 4g/min), pressure (30, 37.5 and 45MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60°C), and co-solvent concentration (0, 1.5 and 3wt% ethanol) on oil yield of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) kernel oil in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). All the parameters had significant effects on oil yield as well as the interactions between solvent flow rate and pressure, and between pressure and temperature. Oil yield increased with increased parameters. The oil yield was represented by a second-degree polynomial equation. The maximum oil yield from the response surface equation was obtained as 0.26g/g kernel for 15min extraction of 5g apricot kernel particles (particle diameter<0.850mm) with 4g/min solvent flow rate containing 3wt% ethanol at 45MPa and 60oC. The response surface equation predicted the experimental oil yield with a 10% error. The fatty acid compositions of apricot kernel oils extracted with SC-CO2 and hexane were similar.
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