Abstract
Keratinase is a type of proteolytic enzyme with broad application in industry. The main objective of this work is the optimization of keratinase production from Bacillus sp. strain UPM-AAG1 using Plackett-Burman (PB) and central composite design (CCD) for parameters, such as pH, temperature, feather concentration, and inoculum size. The optimum points for temperature, pH, and inoculum and feather concentrations were 31.66 °C, 6.87, 5.01 (w/v), and 4.53 (w/v), respectively, with an optimum keratinase activity of 60.55 U/mL. The keratinase activity was further numerically optimized for commercial application. The best numerical solution recommended a pH of 5.84, temperature of 25 °C, inoculums’ size of 5.0 (v/v), feather concentration of 4.97 (w/v). Optimization resulted an activity of 56.218 U/mL with the desirability value of 0.968. Amino acid analysis profile revealed the presence of essential and non-essential amino acids. These properties make Bacillus sp. UPM-AAG1 a potential bacterium to be used locally for the production of keratinase from feather waste.
Highlights
Keratinase (EC 3.4.99.11) is a type of protease enzyme that started to gain interest due to its broad application in industry
We report the optimization via response surface method (RSM) followed by a numerical optimization of a Bacillus sp. keratin-degrading bacterium having optimum ambient temperature for growth with chicken feather as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources
Five prevalent colonies are that competent for sustainable growth on feather meal agar (FMA) were successfully isolated based on hydrolysis zone on FMA indicate the use of feather keratin as both carbon and nitrogen sources
Summary
Keratinase (EC 3.4.99.11) is a type of protease enzyme that started to gain interest due to its broad application in industry. They are commonly extracellular inducible enzymes secreted by various microorganism in the medium containing keratin showing high substrate specificity toward keratin [1]. They are widely used in most of the biotechnological processing industry, mainly in feed formulation, nitrogen fertilizer, leather processing, and pharmaceutical industry [2,3,4]. Diverse class of keratinase have been isolated from various microbial populations, such as bacteria [5,6]
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