Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Orange Peel Essential Oil

Abstract

Background: Orange peel essential oils were obtained using supercritical fluid extraction. This method is an important high scaling extraction method used for the extraction of plant and animal extracts.
 Objectives: The aim of this study was the optimization of the extraction of the orange peel essential oil.
 Methods: The experimental parameters of Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE) such as temperature, pressure, and extraction time, and modifier volume were optimized using a central composite design after a 24-1 fractional factorial design. Orange peels were collected from ripe orange and were washed, air dried, and milled. Then, a Suprex MPS/225 system in the SFE mode with a maximal operating pressure of 395 bars was used for essential oil extraction. Moreover, GC-MS and GC-FID were used for the identification and determination of oil compounds, respectively.
 Results: Eight compounds have been identified based on their retention indices and mass spectra. According to the results, α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, d-limonene, terpinolene, C8-aldehyde, citronellol, and linalool were identified in orange peel essential oil. The optimum SFE conditions were obtained at a pressure of 347.07 atm, temperature of 55° C, extraction time of 30.16 min, and ethanol volume of 147.05 µL. Moreover, extraction yields based on SFE varied in the range of 0.04% to 1.18% (w/w). 
 Conclusion: The Results showed supercritical fluid technology as the best alternative technique for the extraction of pure and high-quality essential oil from orange peel. It is a green method and does not have any environmental impact.