Abstract
Macroalgal blooms frequently occur in France. On a part of the coastline, these algal blooms are mainly composed of red seaweeds like Solieria chordalis and constitute an unexploited significant natural biomass. In this study, active compounds from Solieria chordalis were extracted and evaluated as a potential source of natural antivirals, coupling biotechnological development with economic and ecological benefits. In order to extract in water the highest quantity of potential active compounds, a sustainable process was developed, namely the enzymeassisted extraction. The quantity of water-soluble compounds increased by 30% after the addition of enzymes, in comparison with an aqueous extraction. The optimization of conditions using a response surface methodology improved the yield and allowed to study the influence of different extraction parameters simultaneously, notably the nature and the quantity of enzymes, the temperature and the time of extraction. This latter parameter was the most influent on extraction yield with the nature of the enzyme. The best antiherpetic activity was obtained with the extract after the action of a type of proteases with an EC50 of 86.0 μg.mL-1. Moreover, a positive correlation between sulfated polysaccharides and the antiviral activity of extracts was demonstrated. For the first time, soft biotechnology with enzymes using surface response methodology has been performed in order to obtain water-soluble antiviral extracts from the red proliferative seaweed Solieria chordalis.
Highlights
Excessive growths reported for some species of green, brown and red seaweeds are responsible for the recent formation of harmful marine macroalgal blooms worldwide
The composition of the dry weight of S. chordalis is in agreement with previous studies, but only little information is known
Polysaccharides represent a high proportion of the dry weight of many macroalgae
Summary
Excessive growths reported for some species of green, brown and red seaweeds are responsible for the recent formation of harmful marine macroalgal blooms worldwide. In addition to the compounds inside seaweed cells, there are other potential active components associated with the cell walls [4] To isolate these metabolites of interest, the cell wall must be cleaved, but the presence of large quantities of various interconnected polysaccharides and their bonding with proteins reduces the efficiency of the standard extraction methods used to date (e.g. organic and water extractions) [5]. Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) is an environmentally friendly extraction method known by its high efficiency and reduced solvent consumption and time [4] In this regard, proteins, especially enzymes from marine and terrestrial microorganisms, are used to release in water the maximum number of compounds from seaweeds, improving their availability and their digestibility for animals, humans, or plants [5,6]
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