Abstract
The removal of boron by Donnan dialysis from aqueous solutions has been studied according to response surface methodology (RSM). First, a preliminary study was performed with two membranes (AFN and ACS) in order to determine the experimental field based on different parameters, such as the pH of the feed compartment, the concentration of counter-ions in the receiver compartment, and the concentration of boron in the feed compartment. The best removal rate of boron was 75% with the AFN membrane, but only 48% with the ACS membrane. Then, a full-factor design was developed to determine the influence of these parameters and their interactions on the removal of boron by Donnan dialysis. The pH of the feed compartment was found to be the most important parameter. The RSM was applied according to the Doehlert model to determine the optimum conditions ([B] = 66 mg/L, pH = 11.6 and [Cl−] = 0.5 mol/L) leading to 88.8% of boron removal with an AFN membrane. The use of the RSM can be considered a good solution to determine the optimum condition for 13.8% compared to the traditional “one-at-a-time” method.
Highlights
Anion-exchange membrane; boron is transported in a membrane to the side o used receiver solution; and boron is transferred to a receiver solution with counter ions [21
The ACS had high thickness and low water content; it had the lowest permeability. This result is confirmed by the work of Ayyildiz [40], who reported that the removal of boron by Donnan dialysis is more effective with an AFN membrane
The removal of boron by Donnan dialysis was performed with two membranes, AFN
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. High boron concentrations can be toxic to humans. In order to choose the simplest and continuous method, Donnan dialysis was conducted in this study. This process is easy to handle and only requires a few chemicals and low pumping energy. The removal of boron by Donnan dialysis was investigated using a response surface methodology (RSM) approach. RSM via the Doehlert design was employed in this study. This design offers many advantages over other designs such as central composite design or. Response surface methodology using Doehlert design was investigated to optimize the Donnan dialysis process
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