Response Surface Methodology as a Useful Tool for Evaluation of the Recovery of the Fluoroquinolones from Plasma—The Study on Applicability of Box-Behnken Design, Central Composite Design and Doehlert Design

Andrzej Czyrski,Hubert Jarzębski

doi:10.3390/pr8040473

Andrzej Czyrski, Hubert Jarzębski

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8040473

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to find the best design that is suitable for optimizing the recovery of the representatives of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of fluoroquinolones. The following designs were applied: Central Composite Design, Box–Behnken Design and Doehlert Design. The recovery, which was a dependent variable, was estimated for liquid–liquid extraction. The time of shaking, pH, and the volume of the extracting agent (dichloromethane) were the independent variables. All results underwent the statistical analysis (ANOVA), which indicated Central Composite Design as the best model for evaluation of the recovery. For each analyte, an equation was generated that enabled to estimate the theoretical value for the applied conditions. The graphs for these equations were provided by the Response Surface Methodology. The statistical analysis also estimated the most significant factors that have an impact on the liquid–liquid extraction, which occurred to be pH for ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin and the volume of an extracting solvent for levofloxacin.

Highlights

Fluoroquinolones are the antibacterial agents that possess a wide bactericidal activity againstGram-positive
This paper presents the statistical evaluation of the three factorial designs in the optimization of recovery
The aim of this study was to compare the suitability of the different chemometric models for the optimization of the recovery of the representatives of the fluoroquinolones

Summary

Introduction

Fluoroquinolones are the antibacterial agents that possess a wide bactericidal activity against. Fragilis) bacteria [1,2]. They can be found in different matrices such as pharmaceutical formulations, biological samples (blood, serum, saliva) or food samples (meat). Different techniques of sample preconditioning such as liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, microextraction, dilution, or protein precipitation can be applied. The applied technique depends on the matrix used [3]

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