Response surface methodology and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction combination for determination of cadmium in food and water samples

Abstract

In this work, an ecologically friendly, cheap, and highly efficient hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent based liquid phase microextraction procedure was developed and coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry for determination of cadmium. Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (HDES) was prepared by mixture of trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride and pivalic acid and used as extraction solvent. The formation of cadmium complex was achieved by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate trihydrate. Response Surface Methodology by Box–Behnken Design and three different models was used for optimizing experimental conditions and statistical analysis. Analytical parameters such as limit of detection, limit of quantification, relative standard deviation and enhancement factor were calculated as 1.6 µg L−1, 5.0 µg L−1, 3.3% and 43, respectively. Finally, the developed liquid phase microextraction method was applied to some food and water samples.