Response solutions and quasi-periodic degenerate bifurcations for quasi-periodically forced systems**This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11171185, 11571201).

Abstract

This paper includes two parts. In the first part, we first focus on quasi-periodic time dependent perturbations of one-dimensional quasi-periodically forced systems with degenerate equilibrium. We study the system in two cases, for one of which system admits a response solution under a non-resonant condition on the frequency vector weaker than Brjuno–Rüssmann’s and for another of which system also admits a response solution without any non-resonant conditions. Next, we investigate the existence of response solutions of a quasi-periodic perturbed system with degenerate (including completely degenerate) equilibrium under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition by using the Herman method. In the second part, we consider, firstly, the quasi-periodic perturbation of a universal unfolding of one-dimensional degenerate vector field . Secondly, we consider the perturbation of a universal unfolding of normal two-dimensional Hamiltonian system with completely degenerate equilibrium. With KAM theory and singularity theory, we show that these two classes of universal unfolding can persist on large Cantor sets under Brjuno–Rüssmann’s non-resonant condition, which implies all the invariant tori in the integrable part and all the bifurcation scenario can survive on large Cantor sets. The result for Hamiltonian system can apply directly to the response context for quasi-periodically forced systems. Our results in this paper can be regarded as an improvement with respect to several results in various literature (Broer et al 2005 Nonlinearity 18 1735–69; Broer et al 2006 J. Differ. Equ. 222 233–62; Wagener 2005 J. Differ. Equ. 216 216–81; Xu 2010 J. Differ. Equ. 250 551–71; Xu and Jiang 2010 Ergod. Theor. Dynam. Syst. 31 599–611; Lu and Xu 2014 Nonlinear Differ. Equ. Appl. 21 361–70).