RESPONSE OF YIELD AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF SOME BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES TO IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SEEDING RATE UNDER OLD LAND CONDITIONS

Abstract

Two field experiments were performed in the experimental Farm, at Zankalon, Water Requirements Research Station, El-Sharkia Governorate, Water Management and Irrigation Systems Research Institute, National Water Research Center (NWRC), Egypt during two successive seasons at 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 to study the response of yield and yield attributes of some bread wheat varieties i.e., (Sakha 93 , Giza 168 and Gimmeiza 9) to irrigation levels ( 100% of field capacity , 80% of field capacity and 60% of field capacity) and seeding rates ( 60 , 70 and 80 Kg./feddan) under in old land conditions. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: Increasing irrigation levels from I3 ( 60% of field capacity) to I1 ( 100% of field capacity) gives significant for plant height, number of grains/spike , number of spikes/m2, 1000 grain weight, grain yield/feddan and straw yield/feddan with in significant differences between I1( 100% of field capacity) and I2 (80% of field capacity). Increasing irrigation levels from I3 (60% of field capacity) to I1 (100% of field capacity) was in significantly affect for spike length, number of spikelets/spike and spike grain weight. The cultivar Giza 168 gave taller plants followed by Gimmeiza 9, while Sakha 93 had shorter plants. The cultivar Gimmeiza 9 gave the longest spikes and much number of spikelets and grains /spike and number of spikes/m2 followed by Sakha 93 and Giza 168 cultivars Gimmeiza 9 and Sakha 93 cultivars. significantly surpassed Giza 168 for 1000-grain weight and grain yield/feddan. Meanwhile, Giza 168 significantly surpassed Sakha 93 and Gimmeiza 9 cultivars in straw yield/feddan. However significant was showing with increasing seeding rate for plant height, number of spikes/m2, and grain and straw yields/feddan with no significant differences between 60 to 70 Kg. /feddan in one side and from 70 to 80 Kg. /feddan for both grain and straw yield /feddan. However, the increasing seeding rate from 60 to 80 Kg. /feddan significantly increased plant height and number of spikes/m2. However, increasing seeding rates from 60 to 80 Kg./feddan decreased significantly, number of spikelets/spike, number of grains /spike and 1000-grain weight with no significant difference between 60 to 70 Kg./feddan. Raising seeding rates from 60 to 70 or 80 Kg./feddan did not significantly affect spike grain weight. Grain yield (ardab/feddan) was positively and significantly correlated with each of plant height (0.598919*) and number of spikes/m2 (0.679488*). While the relation was positive and insignificant with each of spike length ( 0.212270 ) , number of spikelets/spike (0.448344) , number of grains/spike (0.268315) spike grain weight (0.539816),1000-grain weight(0.457077) and straw yield/feddan (0.331902). Results of interactions between irrigation levels and varieties , between irrigation levels and seeding rates and between seeding rates and varieties recommended that Gimmeiza 9 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I2 ( 80% 0f field capacity ) and at seeding rates of 80 Kg./feddan. While Giza 168 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I2 (80% 0f field capacity) and at seeding rates of 70 Kg./feddan. However, Sakha 93 cultivar. should be sown at irrigation levels I1 (100% 0f field capacity) and at seeding rates of 70 Kg. /feddan.