Abstract
A field study to evaluate the “Response of various sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus doses’’ was carried out at Oilseeds Section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during Kharif 2013. The experiment was laid out in a three replicated randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial, having net plot size 6 × 3 m (18 m2). The treatments comprised two varieties such as S-17 and Pr-125, and six doses of NP i.e. (No fertilizer (Control), NP @ 30 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 30 kg·ha-1, NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1, NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1). The analysis of variance suggested that all the doses of NP affected significantly (P < 0.05) growth and yield of sesame varieties as compared to No fertilizer (Control) treatment. In the case of fertilizer doses, NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 produced maximum plant height (102.33 cm), branches plant-1 (18.50), capsules plant-1 (42.17), seeds capsule-1 (57.67), seed weight plant-1 (37.50 g), seed index (3.10 g) and seed yield (774.17 kg·ha-1), whereas NP @ 70 + 50 kg·ha-1 and NP @ 50 - 50 kg·ha-1 ranked 2nd and 3rd in all the growth and yield traits, particularly seed yield (763.50 kg·ha-1 and 694.50 kg·ha-1). Among sesame varieties, S-17 resulted in maximum plant height (91.89 cm), branches plant-1 (15.11), capsules plant-1 (37.06), seeds capsule-1 (50.56), seed weight plant-1 (32.00 g), seed index (2.63 g) and seed yield (682.11 kg·ha-1), whereas variety Pr-125 resulted in minimum traits, particularly seed yield (657.56 kg·ha-1). In the case of interactive effects, the interaction of NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1 × variety S-17 produced maximum values, particularly seed yield (782.67), whereas minimum results were recorded in the interaction of No fertilizer (Control) × variety Pr-125. Hence results concluded that the interaction of NP @ 70 - 50 kg·ha-1 variety S-17 was found most economical for obtaining optimum yield of sesame because of non-significant differences with NP @ 70 - 70 kg·ha-1.
Highlights
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) locally known as “til” is probably the most ancient oilseed known and used by man [1]
Sesame is known as the king of oil seeds due to the high oil content (50% - 60%) of its seed [2]
Sesame is a source of good quality edible and medicinal oil [4]
Summary
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) locally known as “til” is probably the most ancient oilseed known and used by man [1]. Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential nutrients required by the plants for their growth and vigour. Phosphorus is an essential nutrient both as a part of several key plant structure compounds and as catalysis in the conversion of numerous key flower formation and seed production, more uniform and earlier crop maturity, improvements in crop quality, and increased resistance to plant diseases [9]. Highest application rate (90 kg∙ha−1) proved to be statistically best with respect to all growth, yield and quality attributes of sesame cultivars. N application has significant effects on some growth parameters of sesame with 90 kg N ha−1 producing maximum effect in plant height at flowering, number of leaves at eight weeks after sowing and number of secondary branches at harvest [13]
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