Response of turkey muscle satellite cells to thermal challenge. I. transcriptome effects in proliferating cells

Kent M Reed,Gale M Strasburg,Natalie E Barnes,Juan E Abrahante,Kristelle M Mendoza,Sandra G Velleman

doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4

Kent M Reed, Gale M Strasburg + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3740-4

Copy DOI

Abstract

BackgroundClimate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. This study was designed to characterize transcriptional changes induced in turkey muscle satellite cells cultured under cold or hot thermal challenge to better define molecular mechanisms by which thermal stress alters breast muscle ultrastructure.ResultsSatellite cells isolated from the pectoralis major muscle of 7-weeks-old male turkeys from two breeding lines (16 weeks body weight-selected and it’s randombred control) were proliferated in culture at 33 °C, 38 °C or 43 °C for 72 h. Total RNA was isolated and 12 libraries subjected to RNAseq analysis. Statistically significant differences in gene expression were observed among treatments and between turkey lines with a greater number of genes altered by cold treatment than by hot and fewer differences observed between lines than between temperatures. Pathway analysis found that cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication/cell signaling as compared to control (38 °C). Heat-treated muscle satellite cells showed greater tendency towards expression of genes related to muscle system development and differentiation.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates significant transcriptome effects on turkey skeletal muscle satellite cells exposed to thermal challenge. Additional effects on gene expression could be attributed to genetic selection for 16 weeks body weight (muscle mass). New targets are identified for further research on the differential control of satellite cell proliferation in poultry.

Highlights

Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality
As demonstrated in the thermal challenge of cultured turkey satellite cells, cold treatment resulted in an overrepresentation of genes involved in cell signaling/signal transduction and cell communication (Additional file 7: Table S6)
This study demonstrates that temperature significantly alters gene expression in satellite cells of turkey skeletal muscle

Summary

Introduction

Climate change poses a multi-dimensional threat to food and agricultural systems as a result of increased risk to animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. In addition to the increase in mean temperature, there is a predicted increase in the frequency of extreme temperature days [2, 3] Such volatile temperatures put animals at increased risk of thermal stress, thereby potentially affecting animal growth, development, health, and food product quality. In addition to the obvious welfare issues, the effects of hot temperatures have been of particular interest to poultry producers due to effects on muscle that reduce meat quality. Relatively severe cold stress slightly before slaughter in chickens resulted in decreased meat quality via changes in pH, color, and drip loss [5]. Fast growing lines of poultry tend to be more sensitive to thermal stress than slower growing lines [9]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion