Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was carried out during two successive seasons (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) on sweet basil plants (Ocimum basilicum, L.) grown, in sandy soil, under salinity stress to study the effect of spraying seaweed extract on growth, leaf chemical composition and essential oil percentage of basil plants. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions in greenhouse, with temperature fixed at 25 ± 3C°, relative humidity between 75 – 85% and 14 hours light exposure. The Spraying seaweed extract exhibited higher tolerance to high salinity as compared to unsprayed plants. Under high level of salinity (2000 and 4000 ppm NaCl), the plants received seaweed extract at High concentrations (100 and 200 ppm) present higher values of plant height, shoot length, branch numbers/plant and chlorophyll contents and carotenoids as compared to unsprayed plants or those sprayed with lowest seaweed concentration (50 ppm). The chemical analysis of mature leaves of plant sprayed with higher seaweed extract (100 and 200 ppm) showed significantly higher ratio of N, P and K than those sprayed with lower concentrations or those untreated plants. However, N, P and K contents decreased significantly as a result of increasing NaCl concentration in nutrient solution from 500 to 4000 ppm. However, gradual and significant increase in leave calcium % due to increasing NaCl level in the nutrient solution from 500ppm to 3000ppm.
Highlights
Hydroponic culture became the new modern agricultural technology this years; the spreading of pathogens considers the major problem especially in closed system technique (Nosir, et al 2009)
The effect of F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli on the major secondary metabolites secreted by biocontrol strain of T. harzianum in Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) cultures were investigated and quantified; followed by investigating the effect of the previous microorganisms on T. harzianumsecondary metabolites secreted in Gladiolus grandiflorus corms tissues under controlled conditions
Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Liquid chromatography Mass spectroscopy (LC/MS), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) techniques were used in this study to determine the major secondary metabolites
Summary
Hydroponic culture became the new modern agricultural technology this years; the spreading of pathogens considers the major problem especially in closed system technique (Nosir, et al 2009). Secondary metabolites secreted by Trichoderma spp. include volatile and non-volatile antifungal substances, such as 6-n-pentyl-6H-pyran-2one (6PP), gliotoxin, viridin, harzianopyridone, harziandione and peptaibols (Reino et al, 2008) The activities of these metabolites against soilborne plant pathogens have long been studied (Ghisalberti and Sivasithamparam, 1998). The involvement of secondary metabolites produced by Trichoderma spp. in the activation of plant defence mechanisms and the regulation of plant growth was recently investigated, using tomato and oil-seed rape seedlings treated with harzianolide and 6PP isolated from T. harzianum, followed by infection with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea and Leptosphaeriamaculans, respectively In both host plant species, a reduction in disease symptoms was observed, on 6PP-treated plants. The aims of the work presented here were to develop an improved understanding of the roles of major secondary metabolites produced by T. harzianum in the interaction between T. harzianum,F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli
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