Response of storm surge spatiotemporal feature to climate patterns change on coast of China in past hundred years.

Abstract

  To investigates multidecadal and long-term variations of storm surge spatiotemporal feature, we use reconstructed daily maximum storm surge levels on the coastal area of China in the past hundred years. By considering both surge height and each storm surge duration, we proposed a comprehensive impact of storm surge, called” Accumulated Storm Surge Potential Impact (ASPI)”. The results show that even the frequency and duration of storm surges have not changed significantly under global warming, the comprehensive impact has increased rapidly and normal storm surge have become stronger since mid-1990s. The spatial distribution of storm surge impact has “-++” zonal tripole pattern or”-+” zonal dipole pattern in different time scale. In addition, El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)events have a certain effect on the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm surge activity, which identified as one of the key climate patterns influencing storm surges. The impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on the frequency, duration, and intensity of storm surge activity at different phases are also different, with clear regional distribution features for each phase. This study highlights the potential influence of eastern China storm surge loadings on the western North Pacific (WNP) climate patterns, thus improving our understanding of storm surge climate variability over the WNP.