Response of spring triticale varieties to application of mineral fertilizers

Abstract

The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the conditions of the Republic of Mari El on sod-podzolic soil. Studied was the response of five varieties of spring triticale to the basal application of mineral fertilizers N 60 P 60 K 60 and nitrogen fertilization N 30 in the tillering phase. In 2018, grain productivity of the Rovnya (standard), Saur and Dobroe varieties (3.80-4.07 t/ha) was significantly lower than that of the Hajkar and Zaozerie varieties (4.31-4.81 t/ha). The application of N 30 in the tillering phase against the background without mineral fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation provided a significant increase in yield of the varieties Hajkar (0.67 t/ha, or +15%), Dobroe (0.68 t/ha, or +17%) and Saur (0.77 t/ha, or +20%). The payback of mineral fertilizers used for pre-sowing cultivation with the increase in grain yield was not high (3.7-7.7 kg). The application of nitrogen top dressing on the background without the use of mineral fertilizers for pre-sowing cultivation was effective: Hajkar, Saur and Dobroe varieties provided a payback of 22-25 kg of grain per 1 kg of fertilizers. In unfavorable arid agro-climatic conditions of 2019, the yield of the studied varieties decreased to 2.17-3.84 t/ha, but was significantly higher by 0.4-1.0 t/ha of the control variety Rovnya. The yield increase from nitrogen fertilization was less substantial and achieved reliable values (LSD 05 = 0.25 t/ha) in standard Rovnya variety (on the N 0 P 0 K 0 and N 60 P 60 K 60 backgrounds) − 0.35 and 0.51 t/ha, respectively, Dobroe variety (on the N 0 P 0 K 0 background) - 0.39 t/ha and Hajkar variety (on the N60P 60 K 60 background) – 0.44 t/ha. The basal application of N 60 P 60 K 60 for pre-sowing cultivation allowed to increase significantly the production of feed grain in comparison with the non-fertilized background: by 0.42 t/ha in Rovnya standard, by 0.42 t/ha in Saur variety, by 0.94 t/ha in Dobroe variety, by 0.32 t/ha in Hajkar variety, by 0.34 t/ha in Zaozerie variety. The protein content in triticale grain was the highest in the variants with the basal application of fertilizers and nitrogen fertilization (13.9-15.8 %.). Dobroe variety showed the greatest response to the application of mineral fertilizers during both years of research.