Response of soybean varieties to weather conditions in Primorsky Krai

Abstract

Relevance. The soybean breeding process, focused on increasing the level of qualitative and reproductive indicators of the culture under the means of hybridization, further evaluation of the obtained genotypes and selection of promising samples, has an extremely relevant research direction.Results. The research determined how weather and climatic factors influenced the yield, protein content in seeds, and resistance to fungal diseases of promising soybean varieties under the conditions of Primorsky Krai. High-yielding accessions (3.08–3.59 t/ha) from combinations «Arisa × Taifun» and «NIISKH 3 × Taifun» were selected. A high TKW was characteristic of hybrid combination «Primorskaya 13 × Kofu» (207 g). During the growing season of the crop, there were conditions of insufficient (2021) and excessive (2022) moisture, which had a different effect on the yield level of soybean varieties on average according to experience (17.1 c/ha and 34.0 c/ha, respectively). The conditions of 2022 were optimal for the ontogeny of soybean. Varieties Primorskaya 1690, Primorskaya 1693, and Primorskaya 1696 had the highest yield in 2022 exceeding the standard by 38.0–54.7%. The highest yield was achieved under the conditions of short-term heavy precipitation in combination with high temperature during the growing period. Soybean seeds had a higher protein content after heavy precipitation with short periods of moisture excess from July to August. Under more favorable conditions for the development of fungal pathogens (in 2022), the degree of damage to soybean plants significantly increased (by 16.0%). The studied varieties were resistant to downy mildew and Cercospora.leaf spot (the degree of damage was up to 25.0%).