RESPONSE OF SOME WHEAT CULTIVARS TO SOME ORGANIC AND MINERAL NITROGEN FERTILIZER LEVELS

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the effect of five organic and mineral nitrogen fertilizer levels (F1 = 0, F2 = 17.5 kg organic nitrogen (ON) + 17.5 kg mineral nitrogen (MN), F3 = 35 kg MN, F4 = 35 kg ON + 35 kg MN and F5 = 70 kg MN / fed) on the growth characters, yield, its component and some chemical properties of three bread wheat cultivars (Sids 12, Gemmeiza 11 and Giza 168).The experimentwas carried out at two locations, the first location, at the Research and Experimental Centerof Faculty of Agriculture of Moshtohor,(Toukh Directorate, El-Kalubia Governorate) Benha University, Egypt, the second location, at the farm of Zarzora Agricultural Research Station, Etay El-Baroud Directorate, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt, which planting in the same winter season 2014/2015. The obvious results of this investigation can be summarized as follows: Wheat cultivars were significantly differed in all traits studied in the two locations and the combinedaverage, except nitrogen use efficiency was not significant. Gemmeiza 11 cultivar significantly surpassed Sids 12 and Giza 168 cultivars in flag leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), spike length (cm), spike weight (g), kernels weight/spike (g), 1000-kernel weight (g), biological yield (kg/fed), grain yield (kg/fed) and grain protein yield (kg/fed) as well as grain nitrogen uptake (kg/fed). While,Sids 12 recorded the highest values of No. of kernels/spike, harvest index (%), hectoliter weight (kg/hl), grain nitrogen content (%) and protein content in grain (%) also, Sids 12 cultivar was earlier heading and physiological maturity dates compared with Giza 168 and Gemmeiza 11. Meanwhile, Giza 168 surpassed the other two cultivars in No. of tillers/m2, No. of spike/m2 and straw yield (kg/fed). All characters under study showed significantly increased by increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels,except NUE significantly decreased with increasing N levels in Moshtohor location, Zarzora locationandthe combined analysis.Applied of 70 kg MN /fed recorded the highest values, also increasing nitrogen fertilizer levels delayed heading and physiological maturity dates. Planting Gemmeiza 11 which fertilized by 70 kg MN/fedrecorded significantly the highest values of flag leaf area, biological, grain and protein yields/fed as well as grain nitrogen uptake/fed(in the two locations and the combined analysis), plant height and weight of kernels/spike (in Moshtohor location only and the combined analysis). Meanwhile, Sids 12 under the same nitrogen fertilizer surpassed the other treatments in No. of kernels/spike (in Moshtohor location only and the combined analysis) and harvest index (in the two locations and the combined average). Whereas, Giza 168 with the same level of nitrogen fertilizer gave the highest No. of tillers/m2 (in Moshtohor location only and the combined analysis), No. of spike/m2 and straw yield/fed (in the two locations and the combined analysis). It could be summarized that sown wheat Gemmeiza 11 cultivar and application of 70 kg mineral nitrogen per fed or 35 kg organic N + 35 kg mineral nitrogen maximized grain yield per unit area.