Response of soil protists to antimony and arsenic contamination

Abstract

Microorganisms can mediate antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As) transformation and thus change their mobility and toxicity. Having similar geochemical behavior, Sb and As are generally considered to exert similar environmental pressure on microbiome. However, it needs further validation, especially for protists. In this study, the responses of protistan communities to Sb and As were investigated by collecting soils from Xikuangshan Sb mine and Shimen As mine in China. Antimony and As contamination taxonomically and functionally (consumer and phototroph) changed the alpha and beta diversities of protistan communities, but exerted different impacts on the parasitic community. Based on multiple statistical tools, As contamination had a greater impact on protistan communities than Sb. The ecological networks of highly contaminated sites were less complex but highly positively connected compared to less contaminated sites. High As contamination raised the ratio of consumers and decreased the ratio of phototrophs in ecological networks, while the opposite tendency was observed in Sb contaminated soils. High Sb and As contamination enriched different keystone taxa resistant to Sb and As. These results demonstrate that protistan community respond differently to Sb and As.