Abstract
The activity of various biofertilizers on rice production (Sabanero A95) was evaluated in Palizada, Campeche, Mexico, in the wet season of 2009 (year one) and 2011 (year two). On year one, arbuscular mycorrhiza INIFAP? (Rhizophagus intraradices), Azospirillum brasilense plus arbuscular micorrhiza Rhizophagus sp., and chemical fertilizer (92, -92, -60 kg·ha-1) were evaluated, while on year two marine algae extracts, a consortium of growth promoting bacteria (Pseudomonas spp.) and a control (not fertilized) were evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences on grain yield among treatments during the year one. The average grain yield was 2,800 kg·ha-1. As for the year two, the highest grain yield was observed on plots fertilized with chemical fertilizer (3333 kg·ha-1), followed by plots treated with mycorrhiza INIFAP? (3000 kg·ha-1). The economic analysis for rice production in both years showed that the use of arbuscular mycorrhiza decreases the cost of production by 18.5% and 16.3%, which suggests that microbial inoculants might be good substitutes of chemical fertilizers in rice production.
Highlights
Rice is one of the main crops in the state of Campeche.The economic cost for rice production in the wet season ranges from $700 to $864 USD
Rice crop requires high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which are supplied by the chemical fertilization
The biofertilizers, products based on microorganisms, are an alternative for plant nutrition as these microorganisms enhance nutriaments availability by biological activity, which reduces the amount of chemical fertilization applied [4]
Summary
Rice is one of the main crops in the state of Campeche.The economic cost for rice production in the wet season ranges from $700 to $864 USD. The availability and efficiency of these mineral elements depend on the organic matter content and the biological activity of soils In this context, the biofertilizers, products based on microorganisms, are an alternative for plant nutrition as these microorganisms enhance nutriaments availability by biological activity, which reduces the amount of chemical fertilization applied [4]. In addition to the aforementioned, low quality of seeds is a major problem that increases the cost of crop production All these factors diminish the crop productivity and cause economic losses to farmers. Rice grain yield in wet season ranges from 2.8 to 3.2 tons per hectare Chemical fertilizer, in this case, is used with no knowledge of optimum dose or crop requirement
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