Abstract
Abstract The response of planetary waves to stationary tropical heating in a stratified global atmosphere linearized with respect to a basic zonal mean flow is investigated. The basic zonal wind has meridional and vertical shear. The basic equations are solved by using the method of three-dimensional normal-mode expansion. Forced solutions to a prescribed tropospheric equatorial heating distribution with a specific wavenumber in longitude are examined. Without the basic zonal flow, the internal vertical modes whose equivalent depths are on the order of a few hundred meters are favorably excited, but the response of the external mode (“barotropic” mode) is relatively small. With the inclusion of a zonal flow, the vertical shear of the zonal wind permits the coupling of the external mode with the internal vertical modes. As a result of the coupling, a significant response occurs in the external mode due to the excitation of the “baroclinic” internal modes by tropical heating. The meridional structures of in...
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