Response of Peatland CO2 and CH4 Fluxes to Experimental Warming and the Carbon Balance

Qian Li,Fatima Laggoun-Défarge,Sébastien Gogo,Fabien Leroy,Christophe Guimbaud

doi:10.3389/feart.2021.631368

Abstract

The function of peatlands as a large carbon (C) reservoir results from the net C uptake under cold, wet, and acid environments. However, in the context of global warming, the balance between C input and release is expected to change, which may further alter the C sink of peatlands. To examine the response to climate warming of a temperate Sphagnum peatland which has been invaded by vascular plants, a mesocosm experiment was conducted with open top chambers (OTCs) to simulate a moderate temperature increase. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and methane (CH4) emissions were monitored for 2 years. The CO2 and CH4 fluxes were modeled by relating to abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, water table depth (WTD), and vegetation, in order to calculate the annual C budget. Results showed that the annual cumulated GPP was significantly enhanced by the simulated warming (−602 compared to −501 gC m−2 yr−1 in OTC and control plots, respectively), mainly due to the increase of graminoid biomass by warming, while experimental warming had no significant effect on the annual ER and CH4 emissions (an output of 615 and 500 gC m−2 yr−1 for ER; 21 and 16 gC m−2 yr−1 for CH4 emissions in OTC and control plots, respectively). The annual NEE and C budget were not affected by the short-term experimental warming. The mesocosms under both treatments acted as a gaseous C source with 34 and 14 gC m−2 yr−1 output under OTC and control treatment, respectively. This C source was driven by the strong net carbon dioxide (CO2) release during a low WTD period in summer, as CH4 emissions only accounted for 0.9–2.2% of the total C fluxes. Our study identified the effect of moderate warming on the C fluxes, even on a short-term basis. Also, our findings highlighted that the response of C fluxes to warming largely depends on the WTD and vegetation composition. Thus, long-term monitoring of hydrology and vegetation change under climate warming is essential to examine their interactions in determining the C fluxes in peatlands.

Highlights

Peatlands are important carbon (C) storage terrestrial ecosystems in the world as they accumulate about 30% of the world’s soil C in only 3% of the land area (Gorham, 1991; Yu et al, 2010; Jackson et al, 2017)
The CO2 and CH4 fluxes of mesocosms collected from a temperate peatland were monitored and modeled using abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, water table depth (WTD), and vegetation
The modeled results showed that the experimental warming significantly enhanced the annual CO2 uptake through photosynthesis but had no effect on the ecosystem respiration (ER) and CH4 emissions

Summary

Introduction

Peatlands are important carbon (C) storage terrestrial ecosystems in the world as they accumulate about 30% of the world’s soil C in only 3% of the land area (Gorham, 1991; Yu et al, 2010; Jackson et al, 2017). Their C sink function results from the positive small but longlasting imbalance between the C input from photosynthesis and the C output from decomposition of soil organic matters (OMs) (Bragazza et al, 2009). Understanding the C balance of peatlands in response to climate warming is of great importance and is a subject of considerable concern

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Conclusion