Response of Pea Varieties to Damage Degree of Pea Weevil, Bruchus pisorum L.

Ivelina Mitkova Nikolova

doi:10.1155/2016/8053860

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the response of five pea varieties (Pisum sativum L.) to damage degree of Bruchus pisorum: Glyans, Modus, Kamerton, and Svit (Ukrainian cultivars) and Pleven 4 (Bulgarian cultivar). The seeds were classified into three types: healthy seeds (type 1), damaged seeds with parasitoid emergence hole (type 2), and damaged seeds with bruchid emergence hole (type 3) and they were sown. It was found that the weight of 1000 seeds did not affect the field germination of the pea varieties. Healthy and damaged seeds with parasitoid emergence holes (first and second seed types) provide a very good opportunity for growth and development while plants from damaged seeds with bruchid emergence holes had poor germination and vigor and low productivity. These seeds cannot provide the creation of well-garnished seeding and stable crop yields. Among tested varieties, the Ukrainian variety Glyans had considerably higher seed weight, field germination, and index germination and weak egg-laying activity of B. pisorum compared to others. Use of spring pea cultivars that are weakly preferred by the pea weevil in breeding programs would reduce losses due to pea weevil and provide an environmentally safer option to its control.

Highlights

The seed plays an important role in the transfer of genetic characters and improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits of production
In the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops, Pleven, Bulgaria, during a two-year period, 2014-2015, a study was conducted to determine the response of five pea varieties (Pisum sativum L.) to damage degree of Bruchus pisorum (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)
Similar to the first type, in the second and third seed types, we observed a significant difference as Kamerton and Svit had the highest weight of 1000 seeds

Summary

Introduction

The seed plays an important role in the transfer of genetic characters and improvement of qualitative and quantitative traits of production. One of the most important factors in maximizing crop yield is planting a high-quality seed. Seed size is an important physical indicator of seed quality that affects vegetative growth and is frequently related to yield, market grade factors, and harvest efficiency [1]. The effect of seed size on germination and the following seedling emergence varied widely between species and there are different hypotheses about it. Most investigators have reported a positive relationship between seedling vigor, improved stand establishment, higher productivity of crops, and greater resistance to adverse conditions during emergence of seedlings in the field with plants originating from large seeds compared to those grown from smaller seeds [2, 3]. Zareian et al [4] reported that the germination rate significantly decreased by increasing seed size of wheat cultivars

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Conclusion