Abstract
The effects of temperature and solar radiation on milling and appearance quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to find the optimal temperature and solar radiation for optimizing milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. Field experiments were conducted with two medium-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SMR), two late-maturing japonica soft rice varieties (SLR) and two late-maturing japonica non-soft rice varieties (LR) as experimental materials. Seeds were sown on 10 May (T1), 17 May (T2), 24 May (T3), 31 May (T4), 7 June (T5), 14 June (T6), and 21 June (T7) in 2017 and 2018. Compared with solar radiation, temperature was the main environmental factor affecting the milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. Under the condition of ensuring relatively high-yield, the milling quality of SMR and SLR can reach the second grade of China’s national standard of high quality paddy. The mean daily temperature (Tmean) range were 20.2–22.7 °C and 20.4–22.0 °C respectively. The temperature range for LR to obtain a relatively high-yield, good milling and appearance quality was 20.4–20.7 °C. The optimal sowing dates of SMR, SLR and LR were 15 May to 1 June, 15 May to 20 May and 15 May to 20 May, respectively.
Highlights
The effects of temperature and solar radiation on milling and appearance quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to find the optimal temperature and solar radiation for optimizing milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River
Most studies have identified that the quality of field-grown rice strongly depends on the temperature and solar radiation throughout the grain filling period [4,5], and ameliorating environmental conditions during the rice growing period by adjusting the sowing date is a practical and simple agronomic methods to improve the quality of rice [6,7]
Marked differences were observed in correlations between solar radiation and appearance quality in two years. These results indicated that the influence of temperature on rice milling and appearance quality was greater than that of solar radiation
Summary
The effects of temperature and solar radiation on milling and appearance quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated to find the optimal temperature and solar radiation for optimizing milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. Temperature was the main environmental factor affecting the milling and appearance quality of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River. The temperature range for LR to obtain a relatively high-yield, good milling and appearance quality was 20.4–20.7 ◦ C. The total production and planting area of rice in the lower reaches of Huai River have increased since 1980, accounting for 42.1% and 43.5% of Jiangsu Province, respectively [1]. Most studies have identified that the quality of field-grown rice strongly depends on the temperature and solar radiation throughout the grain filling period [4,5], and ameliorating environmental conditions during the rice growing period by adjusting the sowing date is a practical and simple agronomic methods to improve the quality of rice [6,7]. Several studies have argued that high temperature at the heading–maturity stage of rice will shorten the filling time of rice, reduce the plumpness of grains and reduce the rate of brown rice, milled rice
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