Abstract
Seawater acidification and warming have been found to affect the early life of many marine organisms, but their effects on the microbial community in the environment related to the early development stage of aquaculture species have been rarely investigated. To understand how seawater acidification and warming impact the microbial community in aquaculture systems, we designed four microcosms to monitor and characterize the microbial composition on the corrugated plates in the Apostichopus japonicus culture tanks during its post-settlement stage. High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the bacterial community composition varied significantly in different periods of incubation. The bacterial diversity and community composition were obviously changed by seawater acidification and warming in the early period and then tended to revert to the level of the control group. Acidification significantly increased the relative abundance of dominant families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae in the early period, suggesting that microbiota could increase the abundance of predominant taxa to adapt to increased CO2 concentration and reconstruct a stable community structure. No interaction effect of both factors was observed in the combined group. Results reveal that the microbial communities on the corrugated plates in A. japonicus culture tank were affected in the early period of incubation, and could then acclimatize to the increased CO2 and temperature. This study provides new insights into the variation and adaptation responses of the microbiota in aquaculture systems to seawater acidification and warming.
Highlights
Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 are causing changes in global climate (IPCC, 2021), and the ocean absorbs excessive CO2, resulting in ocean acidification and warming (OAW) (Lenz et al, 2019)
The results indicate obvious differences in bacterial community structures at the genus level between the samples obtained from different treatments on the corrugated plates in the A. japonicus culture tank
Microorganisms in the cultured environment can be ingested by A. japonicus and might contribute to the intestinal microbial composition and modulation of A. japonicus during the early developmental stage
Summary
Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 are causing changes in global climate (IPCC, 2021), and the ocean absorbs excessive CO2, resulting in ocean acidification and warming (OAW) (Lenz et al, 2019). The global average seawater temperatures were predicted to increase between 1.5 and 2.0◦C by the end of the 21st century (Rogelj et al, 2019; IPCC, 2021). Previous studies indicate that increased temperature is a driving abiotic factor in reshaping bacterial communities in the marine ecosystem (Smale et al, 2017; Mensch et al, 2020). Warming reduces commonly present and health-associated marine bacteria, but may lead to increased abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria and favors bacteria that play roles in microfouling processes (Mensch et al, 2020), which may drive fundamental shifts in ecosystem structure and function. The epibacterial community structure on Fucus vesiculosus forma mytili is strongly affected by increased temperature, and weakly affected by elevated pCO2, with potential consequences for host–microbe interactions (Birte et al, 2016)
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