Abstract
Aim:The present study investigated hemocytes profile of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) induced with Xylocarpus granatum leaves extract to protect against Vibrio harveyi infection.Materials and Methods:X. granatum leaves were chopped into small size, air-dried, and extracted with one of the following solvents: Ethanol, distilled water, and seawater, whereas each solvent was given in three different concentrations (750 ppm, 1.000 ppm, and 1.250 ppm, respectively). Extracts were induced to 60 post-larvae shrimp in each treatment (three replicates, 20 shrimp for each) by immersing method and subsequently challenged with V. harveyi.Results:This study demonstrated different effectiveness among solvents used to extract X. granatum leaves, in which distilled water showed the most effective solvent as can be seen from the lowest percentage on anorexia, lethargic, and weakened reflex of shrimp compared with another solvent, positive and negative controls. Pathological symptoms for shrimp induced by X. granatum leaves extract were minimum with the highest survival rate compared with those of positive and negative control. Total hemocyte cells and its cell constituents such as semi-granular, granular, and hyaline cells on treatment group at 1.250 ppm were higher than controls.Conclusion:Leaves extract of X. granatum extract effectively inhibited V. harveyi infection, increased survival rate, and hemocytes cell of the experimental shrimp. Distilled water extract of X. granatum at 1.250 ppm demonstrated the highest protective effect toward V. harveyi infection on P. monodon.
Highlights
Water quality and infectious diseases are major problems that influencing black tiger shrimp pond productivity in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
According to Table-1, leaves extract of X. granatum effectively reduced the pathogenic effect from V. harveyi as indicated from lower percentage on lethargic, anorexia, and weakened reflexes
Shrimp induced with ethanol X. granatum leaves extract (XE) resulted in the lowest infection effect from V. harveyi
Summary
Water quality and infectious diseases are major problems that influencing black tiger shrimp pond productivity in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Water salinity and temperature in this area are susceptible to fluctuation [1]. This condition is known to have an immunosuppressive effect on shrimp [2]. A deterioration of pond environment is a key factor for pathogenic development that leading to disease outbreak [1]. Disease outbreak occurred during a week of post-larvae to a month of rearing period is largely associated with an increase of Vibrio harveyi population, a predominant Vibrio strain caused vibriosis in which often resulted in high mortality. Vibriosis is considered as failure causative agent in shrimp culture, whereas often leading
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