Abstract
Only one herbicide mode of action (ALS inhibitor) is currently available to Ontario dry bean producers for soil-applied broadleaf weed control. Four field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tolerance of four market classes of dry beans to sulfentrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) applied alone and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides would provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional modes of action for broadleaf weed control. Pyroxasulfone caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively; sulfentrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectively. Kidney and small red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yield were not affected. Pyroxasulfone (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yield. This study concludes that pyroxasulfone (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) applied PRE can be safely used to control weeds in Ontario kidney and small red Mexican bean production.
Highlights
In 2015, Ontario dry bean growers produced 115,000 tonnes of white and coloured dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on 52,600 ha [1]
Ontario dry bean producers are limited to two acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides for soil-applied broadleaf weed control, to which there are currently more than ten resistant weed species in the province of Ontario [5]
Statistical analysis determined there was no interaction between bean market class and herbicide treatment for injury at 1 and 2 weeks after crop emergence (WAE) (Table 1); the main effect of herbicide will be discussed separately
Summary
In 2015, Ontario dry bean growers produced 115,000 tonnes of white and coloured dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on 52,600 ha [1]. Ontario dry bean producers are limited to two acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor herbicides for soil-applied broadleaf weed control, to which there are currently more than ten resistant weed species in the province of Ontario [5]. Another mode of action is needed for soil-applied broadleaf weed control in order to chemically control these weeds. The excess leaks out of the chloroplast into the cyto-phyrinogen, where various reactions convert it to free oxygen radicals These radicals disrupt cell membranes, resulting in cellular leakage, loss of cell function, and cell death [7]. Sulfentrazone controls broadleaf weeds such as pigweeds (Amaranthus spp.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.), and grasses such as giant foxtail (Setariafaberii Hermm.), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.) and witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) [8]-[11]
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