Abstract
The development of Eragrostis plana and Eragrostis pilosa was evaluated in a greenhouse when submitted to different soil moisture conditions. The design was completely randomized, consisting of a factorial 2x3, with the following factors: Eragrostis accessions and soil moisture levels (50% of water retention capacity (WRC), 100% of WRC and soil with water depth of 10 cm). The morphological-anatomical parameters of the plants were evaluated and the aerenchyma and adventitious roots were quantified. In addition, the photosynthetic pigments and the electron transport capacity of the photosynthetic chain were quantified, with the intention of verifying if the amount of water in the soil interferes with these parameters. Similar responses were observed between the two species when submitted to a water table environment, where there were larger aerenchymal formations in the roots and stems, as well as adventitious roots at the soil surface, inferring adaptations for survival to anaerobic stress. Negative effects on the transport of electrons and the formation of chlorophyll pigments were observed for both species when submitted to the hypoxic environment and, consequently, there was reduction of dry mass of shoot and roots, as well as reduction in the emission of tiller. It is concluded that the irrigation water management and the water blade in the rice crop are important, together with the control of invasive plants, considering the negative effects caused to the growth and development of these plants
Highlights
Grasses are the main weeds that affect the cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.), due to the fact that they present morphology, nutritional requirements and similar growth habit, making it even more difficult to control (Nagargade, Singh, & Tyagi, 2019)
For the determination of 75% of the water retention capacity (WRC) it was based on the formula: PVn% is the weight of the vessel for each treatment; PVWRC is the water holding capacity of the soil; PVdry is the weight of the pot filled with dry soil
The results obtained for the root anatomy (Table 1) allow us to observe that both E. pilosa and E. plana species presented a similar response regarding the formation of aerenchyms in this organ
Summary
Grasses are the main weeds that affect the cultivation of irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.), due to the fact that they present morphology, nutritional requirements and similar growth habit, making it even more difficult to control (Nagargade, Singh, & Tyagi, 2019). Capim-annoni-2, popularly known as E. plana, has high prolificity, rusticity and the ability to acclimatize in distinct environments with rapid naturalization, due to its allopathic action, characteristics that confer invasiveness and strong competition (Favaretto, Basso, Felini, Zoch, & Carneiro, 2011). According to Basso, Favaretto, Felini, and Cecchin (2012) Capim-annoni-2 is the most aggressive invader and difficult to control in the fields of Rio Grande do Sul. Popularly known as Indian lovegrass, E. pilosa is commonly found competing with rice cultivation. Known as Indian lovegrass, E. pilosa is commonly found competing with rice cultivation This species has a high seed production, its inflorescence is characteristic and distinguishes it from other species of the genus, through the position of the spikelets with an angle of 90o in relation to the main raceme and gray color (Kissmann, 1997). The knowledge of the adaptive strategies of these plants is important so that control strategies can be designed within an integrated management of rice cultivation
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