Abstract
Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that are a threat to crop production worldwide. Drought stress impairs the plants growth and yield. Therefore, the aim of the present experiment was to select the tolerant genotype/s on the basis of moprpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of 10 Vicia faba genotypes (Zafar 1, Zafar 2, Shebam, Makamora, Espan, Giza Blanka, Giza 3, C4, C5 and G853) under drought stress. We studied the effect of different levels of drought stress i.e., (i) normal irrigation (ii) mild stress (iii) moderate stress, and (iv) severe stress on plant height (PH) plant−1, fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) plant−1, area leaf−1, leaf relative water content (RWC), proline (Pro) content, total chlorophyll (Total Chl) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) of genotypes of faba bean. Drought stress reduced all growth parameters and Total Chl content of all genotypes. However, the deteriorating effect of drought stress on the growth performance of genotypes “C5” and “Zafar 1” were relatively low due to its better antioxidant enzymes activities (CAT, POD and SOD), and accumulation of Pro and Total Chl, and leaf RWC. In the study, genotype “C5” and “Zafar 1” were found to be relatively tolerant to drought stress and genotypes “G853” and “C4” were sensitive to drought stress.
Highlights
Water stress is considered a detrimental factor for the production of crops worldwide
The performance of different genotypes was evaluated in terms of plant height (PH) plant−1, shoot fresh (SF) and shoot dry (SD) weight plant−1, area leaf−1, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll (Total Chl), proline (Pro) content, electrolyte leakage (EL), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2, and activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)
The data reveal that growth performance of faba bean genotypes were affected significantly, depending on the level of water deficit (Table 1)
Summary
Water stress is considered a detrimental factor for the production of crops worldwide. DS causes a series of physiological, biochemical and molecular changes in plants. Plant tolerance to abiotic stresses is a complex trait, involving a range of molecular, biochemical and physiological mechanisms [11]. Known as faba bean, broad bean and fava bean, has a long history of cultivation It is an important winter legume crop that is rich in protein and energy, and used in feed and food. According to FAOSTAT [13], China, Ethiopia, France, Egypt and Australia are main faba bean producing countries It has significant value in improving the fertility of soil by its rotation cultivation with cereal crops; thereby, fixing nitrogen in symbiosis makes them excellent colonizers of low-N environments. The main objective of this experiment was to determine DS tolerant and sensitive genotypes on the basis of physio-morphological and biochemical parameters
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