Abstract
Different plantation forests possibly harbor different bird communities. This study was aimed to reveal responses of bird community to the different plantation (Schima wallichii, Agathis loranthifolia, Pinus merkusii, and mixed plantation), identify species shared in all plantation, and species confined to a particular plantation. The study site was plantation forests, using the point count method for 64 effective hours. There were 40 bird species (maximum prediction 52) in all forest plantations and each type had 26–31 species. Number of individuals, species density, and diversity index in Schima plantation were higher, followed by Agathis, Pinus, and mixed plantations. Mixed plantation could have harbored more species based on the prediction by Chao. Although there were some differences in tree species, tree sizes, and tree heights, the response of bird composition in all plantations was not differed (93–81% similarity) probably because of the short distances among the forests, the abundance of food insects, and the same late-successional stages. There were 15 (37.5%) widely distributed species in all forest types. Eight species were confined only to a specific forest type. Four species were considered true confined species, namely Javan sunbird (Schima forest), Grey-cheeked bulbul (in Pinus), Crescent-chested babbler (Agathis), and Mountain white-eye (Agathis).
Highlights
Published studies on bird community in the Java have been conducted mostly in the natural forest (e.g. Wisnubudi 2009) with a complex multilayered tree strata of highly diverse tree species or in a less complex forest assemblages, such as in suburban areas, agroforest areas (Pudyatmoko et al 2009), or botanical gardens (Diamond et al 1987)
Chao's prediction of maximum species richness revealed that mixed plantation might contain higher species number (42 species) because of many singletons and doubletons found in this plantation type
How birds respond to different types of forest plantations Bird communities are often being used as good indicators of their habitat because of their fast response to disturbances as the Forest type preference
Summary
Published studies on bird community in the Java have been conducted mostly in the natural forest (e.g. Wisnubudi 2009) with a complex multilayered tree strata of highly diverse tree species or in a less complex forest assemblages, such as in suburban areas (e.g. van Helvoort 1981), agroforest areas (Pudyatmoko et al 2009), or botanical gardens (Diamond et al 1987). Study on bird community in the plantation forest in Java has been lacking. Bird community was studied by Sheldon et al (2010) in the Acacia mangium plantation, which was an alien tree species. The objective of the research was to investigate the response of bird community to four types of plantation forests. The study site was the plantation forest of Gunung Walat in West Java, Indonesia
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