Response of atrial natriuretic factor to surgical pericardial drainage in patients with chronic pericardial effusion

Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated the importance of atrial transmural pressure in the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide. These studies have been performed in patients with pericardial effusion and hemodynamic compromise. The response of atrial natriuretic peptide to the drainage of chronic pericardial effusion without clinical evidence of tamponade is unknown. We studied 13 patients with chronic abundant pericardial effusion but without hemodynamic compromise. Blood samples for hormonal determinations were drawn before and after surgical pericardiocentesis. Right atrial pressure was measured during the procedure. Drainage induced a significant increase of atrial natriuretic peptide (from 12 ± 3.9 to 105 ± 22.8 pmol/l, P < 0.001, mean ± S.E.M.), correlated with the fall in right atrial pressure (from 7.65 ± 1.18 to 4.31 ± 1.46 mmHg, P < 0.05, r = 0.68, P = 0.01). This increase was inversely correlated with the rise of mean blood pressure after surgery (from 84 ± 2.37 to 100 ± 5.3 mmHg, P < 0.05, r = 0.65, P < 0.02). Plasma renin activity decreased after drainage (from 8.12 ± 2.57 to 3.27 ± 0.65 ng/ml/h, P < 0.05). Surgery induced an increase of plasma levels of aldosterone (from 811 ± 241 to 1199 ± 249 pmol/l, P < 0.05), which were reduced after pericardiocentesis (371 ± 102 pmol/l, P < 0.02). In patients with chronic abundant pericardial effusion, surgical pericardiocentesis induced a significant increase of atrial natriuretic peptide, correlated with a fall in right atrial pressure. The increase of atrial natriuretic peptide was similar than in patients with tamponade, despite a moderate fall in right atrial pressure. We suggest that atrial receptors are more sensitive in chronic pericardial effusion to modest changes in atrial transmural pressure. As in other pericardial diseases, in chronic pericardial effusion without hemodynamic compromise, the secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide is mainly related to the variation of atrial transmural pressure.