Response of Assorted Maize Germplasm to the Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease in Kenya

Sitta J,Muthomi J W,Muiru W M,Miano D W,Nzuve F M,Olubayo F M,Mutinda C,Leley P K

doi:10.5539/jps.v6n2p65

Abstract

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most widely grown staple food crop in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) and occupies more than 33 million hectares each year. The recent outbreak and rapid spread of the Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease has emerged as a great challenge to maize production, threatening food security for the majority of households in the Eastern Africa region with yield loss estimated to be 50-90%. The disease is a result of synergistic interaction between two viruses, Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) and Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV). The objective of this study was to identify maize genotypes with resistance to MLN. In season one, 73 maize genotypes comprising 25 inbred lines from research institutes, 30 lines from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) and 18 farmer varieties were screened for resistance to MLN. In season 2, only 48 genotypes were screened after some of the inbred lines showed complete susceptibility to MLN. These genotypes were grown in three replications in a completely randomized design in polythene bags in the greenhouse at the University of Nairobi. The plants were artificially inoculated using a mixture of SCMV and MCMV. .Weekly MLN disease severity scores using a scale of 1 to 5 (1 = highly resistant and 5 = highly susceptible) and % MLN incidence were recorded and eventually converted into Area under Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) to give an indication of the disease intensity over time. The plants were allowed to grow to flowering stage to observe the effect of the MLN on the maize productivity. Analysis of Variance revealed wide genetic variation among the genotypes ranging from resistant to highly susceptible. In season 1, three farmer varieties namely MLR2, MLR11 and MLR13 showed resistance to MLN with a mean severity score of 2. In season 2, MLN12, MLN17, MLN18, MLN19, and MLR4 showed low MLN severity ranging from 2-3. The genotypes MLR6, MLR9, MLR16 and MLR18 showed MLN severity of 3 and early maturity traits. This study also validated the presence of MLN resistance among some CIMMYT lines depicted to show resistance in previous studies. These resistant genotypes could serve as donors in the introgression of the resistance into the adapted Kenyan maize backgrounds. This will go a long way in ensuring sustainable maize productivity while improving the livelihoods of the small-scale farmers who form the bulk of the major maize producers in Kenya.

Highlights

In Kenya, food security is synonymous with maize availability since it is a key staple food to over 90% of her population with about 42 dietary energy intakes (Keya and Rubaihayo, 2013)
The findings revealed that there were significant differences among the genotypes for the different Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN) disease parameters at P
During season 1, 73 genotypes were screened for resistance to MLN whereas in season 2, 50 genotypes were assessed for MLN resistance

Summary

Introduction

In Kenya, food security is synonymous with maize availability since it is a key staple food to over 90% of her population with about 42 dietary energy intakes (Keya and Rubaihayo, 2013). The infected maize plants are frequently barren, the ears formed are small, deformed and set little or no seeds, drastically reducing the yield This greatly affects the physiological processes like photosynthesis and chlorophyll formation (Wangai et al, 2012), causing failure of tasseling or sterility in male plants. These could lead to deformed or no ears or even rotting of the cobs (Adams et al, 2013).The MLN disease predisposes the plants to secondary fungal infections (FSNWG, 2012; Wu et al, 2013). Other forms of transmission include either mechanical or through the seed (Miano and Kabaki, 2013; Wu et al, 2013)

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