Response of aquatic organism richness to physiochemical factors at different regions in Jinan City

Abstract

水生生物与水环境因子是水生态系统中重要的组成部分，研究水生生物与水环境因子的响应关系对制定水生态系统修复方案具有重要意义.于2014年5、8和10月，对济南市水生态系统进行野外采样调查.共设36个采样点，采集鱼类、底栖动物、浮游动物和浮游植物四种生物，并测定了26个水环境因子.采用Spearman相关分析法、小提琴图法和冗余分析法，筛选主要的水环境因子，分析济南市水生生物丰富度和主要水环境因子的分布特征，以及两者间的相互关系.结果表明，共筛选出6个主要的水环境因子，分别为流量（Flow）、溶解氧（DO）、栖息地质量指数（QHEI）、电导率（Cond）、化学需氧量（COD）和总氮（TN）.黄河区Flow、DO、QHEI和水生生物丰富度均较高，小清河区COD、TN、Cond和水生生物丰富度最低.黄河区Cond与鱼类丰富度呈显著相关，城区TN与底栖动物丰富度呈显著相关，小清河区COD、DO和QHEI对水生生物丰富度有显著影响，徒骇马颊河区TN对水生生物丰富度有显著影响.该研究为济南市水生态修复方案的制定提供参考，也为其他城市水生态文明建设提供一种思路.;Aquatic organisms and physiochemical factors were important components in the aquatic ecosystem. It will be benefited for understanding the health condition of aquatic ecosystem and planning restoration project by investigating the relationships between aquatic organisms and physiochemical factors. In this study, 36 sampling stations were set to investigated fish, macroinvertebrate, zooplankton and phytoplankton assemblages during May, August and October in 2014 in Jinan City, whilst, 26 physiochemical variables were tested as well. Methods of Spearman analysis, violin-plots and redundancy analysis were used to select the main physiochemical factors, exhibit the distribution of biological richness and main factors at each regions, and analyze the relationship between biological richness and main factors at each region. The results showed that six physiochemical factors including Flow, dissolved oxygen (DO), qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI), COD, electrical conductivity (Cond) and total nitrogen (TN) were selected as the main environmental factors based on the Spearman analysis. The distribution of Flow, DO, QHEI and biological richness were higher in Yellow River regions than those in other regions, and COD, TN, Cond and biological richness were the lowest in the Xiaoqing River region. Based on the Spearman analysis, Cond had a significant correlation with fish richness in Yellow River region, and TN were significant correlated with macroinvertebrate richness in urban region. The redundancy analysis showed that TN had a significant impact on the biological richness in Tuhaimajia River region, and COD, DO and QHEI significantly affected the biological richness in Xiaoqing River region. This study could be used as reference for the management or government to design a restoration project of aquatic ecosystem in Jinan City, and provided a new way for other cities to develop the aquatic ecosystem as well.