Response of a Gibberellin-deficient Potato Mutant to Induction and Growth Regulators as a Working Model for Tuber Initiation

Abstract

To explore further the role endogenous gibberellins play in the formation of the potato tuber, a gibberellin-deficient dwarf of Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena (PI 281036) and its normal sibling were used in this study. Because gibberellins are known to be elevated and to affect tuber formation negatively when potato plants are grown under long day conditions, test plants were first grown in a growth chamber under conditions that did not favor tuberization (noninducing conditions). The stem apices of dwarfs received weekly applications of a 100-ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) solution to achieve growth similar to that of normal plants. When the requisite height was achieved, five dwarfs and five normal sibs were treated to foliar runoff with a 100-ppm GA3 solution, and a like number of these plants received a control spray of distilled water. These plants were then placed in a growth chamber adjusted to inducing conditions for tuber initiation. An additional five dwarfs and five normal sibs were sprayed with 600 ppm paclobutrazol (PB), a gibberellin inhibitor, and a similar number of plants received a distilled water control spray. This group of plants was returned to the noninducing chamber. After 1 week, plants were removed from their respective growth chambers and divided into two-node apical, medial, and basal leaf-bud cuttings. Basal buds of the cuttings were buried in moist potting mix in a mist chamber with a 16-hour photoperiod. Rhizome and tuberization responses were evaluated after 3 weeks. The experiment was repeated and results combined for statistical treatment. Orthogonal contrasts revealed that apical cuttings from normal donor plants produced rhizomes only under noninducing conditions or when treated with GA3. No rhizomes formed on apical cuttings from normal plants growing under inducing conditions (favoring tuberization) or noninduced plants receiving PB (a gibberellin inhibitor). For apical dwarf tissues, there were no effects of treatments on rhizome production, except for the PB treatment, which resulted in shorter rhizomes. Tuberization was observed in apical tissues of induced and noninduced dwarfs, which lack the ability to synthesize gibberellin, but only in induced cuttings of normal sibs. Noninduced dwarf cuttings tuberized as well as those from normal plants receiving the antigibberellin treatment. Tuber weights from induced apical cuttings of dwarfs and normal sibs were not significantly different. These results support the significant role played by gibberellins in tuber formation.