Response modeling of single SnO2 nanowire gas sensors

Abstract

The response of single SnO2 nanowire gas sensors with different diameters between 20 and 140 nm are evaluated by calculating the nanowire conductivity as a function of the surface charge density. The procedure involves the numerical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for the electrostatic potential in cylindrical geometry in order to model the depletion region and band bending at the SnO2 nanowire surface. In the model we take into account varying surface charge densities σ and bulk electron concentrations n0 to calculate the electrical conductivity. Considering the fact that the surface charge density depends on the nanowire surface interactions with ambient gas, the model allows us to simulate the sensor response when the nanowire is employed as gas sensing component. We report a saturation in depletion length λ versus surface charge density σ which is the principal reason for limiting the sensor responses. The results also show that the conductivity is decreasing by increasing surface charge density, the smaller the nanowire diameter the steeper the decrease. As a result the nanowire response is proportional to 1/d where d is the nanowire diameter. Furthermore, we argue about the validity of the modeling results and their relevance to experimental findings on SnO2 nanowire based gas sensors reported in literature.