Abstract
With the global climate anomalies and the destruction of ecological balance, the water shortage has become a serious ecological problem facing all mankind, and drought has become a key factor restricting the development of agricultural production. Therefore, it is essential to study the drought tolerance of crops. Based on previous studies, we reviewed the effects of drought stress on plant morphology and physiology, including the changes of external morphology and internal structure of root, stem, and leaf, the effects of drought stress on osmotic regulation substances, drought-induced proteins, and active oxygen metabolism of plants. In this paper, the main drought stress signals and signal transduction pathways in plants are described, and the functional genes and regulatory genes related to drought stress are listed, respectively. We summarize the above aspects to provide valuable background knowledge and theoretical basis for future agriculture, forestry breeding, and cultivation.
Highlights
Drought is one of the most important factors restricting agricultural production, which seriously affects crop yield [1,2]
Functional gene products, such as proline, glycine betaine (GB), soluble sugar (SS), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, and aquaporin (AQP) can be involved in plant metabolism and, affect plant state. Regulatory gene products, such as calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-zip)/bZIP, AP2/ERF, NAC, MYB, and WRKY can cause changes in plant morphology or physiology by regulating signal transduction pathways or acting as transcription factors to regulate the expression of downstream genes, and further enable plants to successfully survive in the arid environment (Figure 1)
TIPS are mainly distributed in the vacuolar membrane and can be divided into five groups according to different tissue location, namely α, β, γ, δ and ε, which are important aquaporins in plants
Summary
Drought is one of the most important factors restricting agricultural production, which seriously affects crop yield [1,2]. Drought stress signals induce the expression of downstream genes Functional gene products, such as proline (pro), glycine betaine (GB), soluble sugar (SS), late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, and aquaporin (AQP) can be involved in plant metabolism and, affect plant state. Regulatory gene products, such as calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), HD-zip/bZIP, AP2/ERF, NAC, MYB, and WRKY can cause changes in plant morphology or physiology by regulating signal transduction pathways or acting as transcription factors to regulate the expression of downstream genes, and further enable plants to successfully survive in the arid environment (Figure 1).
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
